hepa

terminologies

noreply@blogger.com (Nanaybelen) — Sun, 15 Mar 2009 23:49:00 +0000

Terminologies:

Gastritis - inflammation of the stomach
Pylorectomy - removal of pylorec end of stomach
Hapatitis - inflammation of the liver
Cholecystitis - inflammation of the gall
bladdecholecochitis - inflammation of the common bile duct
Enteritis - inflammation of intestine
Colitis inflammation of the large colon
Appendecitis- inflammation of the appendix
Cystitis - inflammation of the urinary bladder
Hernioraphy - repair of the Hernia
Laparotomy - incision in the abdomen

noreply@blogger.com (Nanaybelen) — Sat, 12 Jul 2008 10:06:00 +0000

Hepatitis

TOXIC POISONING

from accidental intake of chemical or maybe injected parenterally like for example: arsenic, gold compound, chloroform,carbon tetrachloride, phosphorous, which these may leads to acute liver cirrhosis or toxic hepatitis.

Signs and Symptoms:

for milder case symptoms are like epidemic hepatitis
toxic progress to acute stage of liver cirrhosis-

intense jaundice
persistent vomiting with blood
hemorrhage under the skin-hematoma
delirium
coma
convulsion develop
die after few days

Nursing Management:

emotional support
encourage personal hygiene to feel comfortable
blood transfusion, intravenous solution and saline solution as prescribed by the physician
few recover but still develop cirrhosis of the liver , so continue providing comfort and treatment

LIVER ABSCESS

noreply@blogger.com (Nanaybelen) — Sat, 12 Jul 2008 10:02:00 +0000

LIVER ABSCESS

Liver serves as the strainer of the blood returning to the gastrointestinal tract. But if the abscess along the way, there is a possibility that the organisms mixes with the blood and deposited to the liver.. Bacteria organisms destroyed liver cells and leukocytes resulting an abscess of the liver.

Signs and Symptoms:

high fever
chills and cold clammy perspiration
jaundice
painful enlargement of the liver
anemia
toxemia
eventually death

Nursing Measures:

for fever- increase fluid intake, sponge bath and analgesic as prescribed by the doctor
make patient comfortable , encourage oral and personal hygiene
emotional support

noreply@blogger.com (Nanaybelen) — Sat, 12 Jul 2008 09:53:00 +0000

HEPATIC CIRRHOSIS- scaring or hardening of the liver

Laennec's Portal cirrhosis- due to alcoholism
postnecrotic cirrhosis -scar tissue due to acute viral hepatitis
biliary cirrhosis- case of chronic biliary obstruction and infection (cholangitis)

Signs and Symptoms:

loss of appetite
nausea and vomiting
low grade fever
jaundice
later symptoms are;
obstruction of portal circulation, liver cannot function,so spleen and gastrointestinal affected and apt to diarrhea and constipation
weight loss
ascitis appear
jaundice
internal hemorrhage

Nursing measurement:

careful attention to patient
measure intake and output and recorded daily
bed rest and turn side to side to avoid pneumonia and bed sores
diet should high protein diet supplemented by Vitamin B complex and A, C, & K
encourage to eat at least small 3 times a day
oral hygiene for nausea and vomiting
Increase fluid intake to replace fluid loss during diarrhea
jaundice should bath without soap to avoid skin irritation
edema should lower sodium intake and carefully record intake & output daily
ascitis- ristrick sodium, elevate head to facilitate breathing
for hemorrhage manefestation like epistaxis, petechia and bleeding gum
avoid trauma
safe environmentcareful toothbrushing to avoid trauma of the gums
loose clothing

noreply@blogger.com (Nanaybelen) — Sat, 12 Jul 2008 09:51:00 +0000

Hepatitis

Hepatitis- is an inflammation of the liver due to viral infection .

Due to viral infection- acquired through blood transfusion, sexual acts and contact of open wound to an infected like dental instruments or medical instrument
Due to obstruction of biliary tract and presence of gallstone may cause the impairment of the liver
Excessive taking of alcohol. usually to person who are addicted to alcohol

HEPATITIS A

noreply@blogger.com (Nanaybelen) — Sat, 12 Jul 2008 09:46:00 +0000

HEPATITIS A

Acquire there ingestion of foods or water infected by virus
an infected food handlers ca spread the disease
acquired through eating of shellfish from sewage contaminated sea shore
contaminated drinking water
sexual contact with infected person
blood transfusion

Signs and Symptoms:

asymptomatic at the early stage
fatigue, anorexia nausea and vomiting, body weakness, loss of appetite
jaundice, amber clay colored stool, pain in the right upper quadrant

Nursing Management:

bed rest
frequent feeding or anorexia to meet the nutritional need of the body
offered attractive food for loss of appetite and for nausea
maintain good diet
iv fluids as per the doctors advised

HEPATITIS C

noreply@blogger.com (Nanaybelen) — Sat, 12 Jul 2008 09:39:00 +0000

HEPATITIS C:

type of hepatitis accounts for the majority of blood borne cases primarily classified as non A and non B hepatitis

Sign and Symptoms are same with Hepatitis B

HEPATITIS D

noreply@blogger.com (Nanaybelen) — Sat, 12 Jul 2008 09:36:00 +0000

HEPATITIS D:

same transmission of Hepatitis B
a patient is super infected that may have the greater risk of cerrhocis of the liver

Sign and Symptoms is the same with Hepatitis B

Nursing Management is same with hepatitis A,B, C

Source: my nursing student notes and medical nursing books